What is an excavator, and what is an excavator? How to distinguish the type of excavator!
Excavators, also known as excavating machinery, use buckets to excavate materials above or below the bearing surface, and load them into transportation vehicles or unload them to the dump yard. The materials excavated by excavators are mainly soil, coal, sediment, and soil and rocks after pre-loosening. From the development of construction machinery in recent years, the development of excavators is relatively fast, and excavators have become one of the most important construction machinery in engineering construction. The three most important parameters of excavators are: operating weight (quality), engine power, and bucket capacity.
The following is the classification of common excavators:
Excavator classification 1: Common excavators are driven by internal combustion engine and electric drive excavators. Among them, electric excavators are mainly used in plateau hypoxia and underground mines and other flammable and explosive places.
Excavator classification 2: According to the different ways of walking, excavators can be divided into crawler excavators and wheeled excavators.
Excavator classification 3: According to the different transmission methods, excavators can be divided into hydraulic excavators and mechanical excavators. Mechanical excavators are mainly used in some large mines.
Excavators are classified into four categories: according to their uses, excavators can be divided into general excavators, mining excavators, marine excavators, special excavators, and other categories
Excavator classification 5: According to the bucket, excavators can be divided into shovel excavators, backhoe excavators, pull shovel excavators and grab shovel excavators. Front shovel excavators are mostly used to excavate materials above the surface, and backhoe excavators are mostly used to excavate materials below the surface.
1. Backhoe
Backhoe is the most common type we have seen, backward downward, forced cutting. It can be used for excavation below the shutdown surface. The basic operation methods are: trench end excavation, trench side excavation, straight line excavation, curve excavation, maintaining a certain angle excavation, ultra-deep trench excavation and trench slope excavation.
2. Shovel excavator
The shovel action form of a positive shovel excavator. Its characteristic is "forward and upward, forced cutting of soil". The positive shovel has a large excavation force and can excavate soil above the stop face. It is suitable for excavating dry foundation pits with a height greater than 2m, but upper and lower ramps must be set. The bucket of the positive shovel is larger than the bucket of the backhoe of the same amount. It can excavate one to three types of soil with a moisture content of not more than 27%, and cooperate with the dump truck to complete the entire excavation and transportation operation. It can also excavate large dry foundation pits and mounds. The excavation method of the positive shovel excavator According to the relative position of the excavation route and the transportation vehicle, there are two ways of excavating and unloading soil: forward excavation, lateral unloading; forward excavation, reverse unloading.
3. Pull shovel excavator
The shovel excavator is also called a cable shovel excavator. Its excavation characteristics are: "backward downward, self-weight cutting soil". It is suitable for excavating class I and II soil below the stop face. When working, use inertia force to throw the bucket out and dig farther. The excavation radius and excavation depth are larger, but it is not as flexible and accurate as the backhoe. Especially suitable for excavating large and deep foundation pits or underwater excavation.
4. Grab shovel excavator
Grab shovel excavator is also called grab bucket excavator. Its digging characteristics are: "straight up and straight down, self-weight cutting soil". It is suitable for excavating class I and II soil below the stop face. It is often used for excavating foundation pits and caisson in soft soil areas. It is especially suitable for digging deep and narrow foundation pits, dredging old channels and digging silt from water, etc., or for loading loose materials such as gravel and slag. There are two types of excavation methods: trench side excavation and positioning excavation. If the grab is made into a grid shape, it can also be used for loading ore blocks, wood chips, wood, etc. in the storage yard.
Full hydraulic full rotation excavator
Most of today's excavators are fully hydraulic full-rotation excavators. Hydraulic excavators are mainly composed of engines, hydraulic systems, working devices, walking devices and electrical controls. The hydraulic system consists of hydraulic pumps, control valves, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic motors, pipelines, fuel tanks, etc. The electrical control system includes monitoring panels, engine control systems, pump control systems, various sensors, solenoid valves, etc.
Hydraulic excavators are generally composed of three parts: working device, rotary device and walking device. According to its structure and use, it can be divided into: crawler type, tire type, walking type, full hydraulic, semi-hydraulic, full rotation, non-full rotation, general type, special type, articulated, telescopic arm type and other types.
The working device is a device that directly completes the excavation task. It is hinged by three parts: boom, bucket rod, and bucket. The boom lift-off, bucket rod telescopic, and bucket rotation are all controlled by reciprocating double-acting hydraulic cylinders. In order to meet the needs of various construction operations, hydraulic excavators can be equipped with a variety of working devices, such as excavation, lifting, loading, leveling, clamping, bulldozing, impact hammer, and other operating tools.
The rotating and walking device is the body of the hydraulic excavator, and the upper part of the turntable is equipped with a power device and a transmission system. The engine is the power source of the hydraulic excavator, and most of them use diesel oil in a convenient venue, or an electric motor can be used instead.
The hydraulic transmission system transmits the power of the engine to the hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder and other actuators through the hydraulic pump, which pushes the operation of the working device to complete various operations.
